Definition and Examples of Online Reading

The Laws Of The Market - 1131 Words

How would you describe the â€Å"laws of the market†? Adam smith is one of the powerful influence minds in the world economic history. His explanation and finding of the economic topics on the book â€Å"Wealth of Nations† are considered as the foundation of economic. One of Smith’s outstanding findings is laws of market. These rules, according to Heilbronn (1999:55) are â€Å"basically simple†, while Rà ¼stow(1942) citied by Seele and Zapt (2015:10) claims that Adam Smith illuminated rationally about laws of market which had been explained by religion laws. His finding of laws of market includes self-interest, competition, self-regulation and population. The first law of market is self- interest or profit motive. He found that self- interest was the†¦show more content†¦As the demand increases, the supply is likely to rise and the producers tends to gain higher profit. In short, through the laws of market, Adam Smith found out the common rules of market activities. Why is the market said to be â€Å"self- regulating†? According to Heilbronn (1999:57), self- regulation is one of the most important. Adam Smith’s market rule. Smith states that market is said to be self- regulating as it can operate or function itself without external interference or regulations. And he called this self-regulating mechanism is â€Å"invisible hand† theory. Market can be self-regulating as when there is a change in the market, the whole market members will adjust their behaviour to suit the change as well as still satisfy their self-interest. This explains why Smith could state that market is self- regulating How does the economic world described by Smith differ from the economic world of today? The world economic has changed significantly since the eighteen century. Hence, there are numerous difference between Smith’s descriptions of the economic world and the current circumstance. As Heilbronn (1999: 58) mentions, the world that Adam Smith described is â€Å"a world of atomistic competition† without monopolies or oligopolies. Therefore, Smith could state that competition prevents monopoly and ruthless profiteering. However, in the modern economy, monopoly and oligopoly have appeared and grown rapidly. Particularly, since the late of

Research And Development Of The CSL Private Limited †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Research And Development Of The CSL Private Limited. Answer: The CSL private limited is a global speciality biotechnology company mainly focusing upon the areas of research and development. The company produces a range of products and services for the betterment of the human health along with coping with a plethora of diseases. The CSl products include blood plasma derivatives, vaccines, cell culture reagents. The company contributes in the areas of medical, genetic research and manufacturing applications. The organization is headquartered in Melbourne, Australia. Though it has branches all over USA, Germany, and UK and has a huge number of subsidiaries or partnering agencies. Some of the subsidiaries of the CSL limited are- Securus, GmbH, bioCSL Pty Ltd. etc. The CSL areas of speciality have been divided particularly into three specific areas of expertise such as - plasma products, vaccines and pharmaceuticals and research and development. The products derived from human plasma can be life-saving under certain conditions such as - trauma, massive transfusion, disseminated intravascular coagulation. The use of plasma derivatives such as prothrombin complex concentrates has been increasingly used nowadays for the treatment and prevention of coagulation in major accidents or trauma cases. The CSL Limited maintains a strong relationship with its subsidiaries and partners globally through its series of corporate social responsibilities. The company also contributes to a good share of philanthropist activities by providing free vaccines for children. The organization possesses a number of global distribution channels, thus enabling equity of access to each and every consumer. The company face strict competition from a number of its market contemporaries such as Novogen, Ausbiotech, biotech 365 and many others. Planning The strategic planning of the company can be explained with the help of the CSL mission, vision and values statement. The mission statement of the organization is to deliver quality work to the customers in less time and at affordable prices. As commented by Sun et al. (2017), the mission statement can be expanded into the planning of effective customer loyalty programs. The values and ethics of the company can be divided into a number of objectives such as patient focus, innovation, collaboration, integrity and superior performance. The company focuses on turning innovative technologies into plausible solutions. CSL being a biotechnological company a number of SMART goals can be set up for the company, which helps in long-term strategic goal achievement. The SMART goals can be divided into five factors such as specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and time-bound. Attributes Effects Specific ? The aim of the company is to design cost-effective biotech products ? Generate plasma-derived products for controlling some of the major blood-related disorders such as thalassemia and haemophilia ? Reducing the dependence on technology and medicines by focusing more on botanical extracts Measurable ? The effect of the RD products of the company can be measured with the help of online health survey reports ? A number of partnering health channels can be approached for propagating health advocacy partnered through CSL Achievable ? The goals set by the companies need to be discussed with the potential stakeholders ? Garnering sufficient funds through presentation of facts and research Realistic ? The technology introduced should be backed up with sufficient data ? The stakeholders need to be provided with clear and transparent expression of interest Time-bound ? The company plans to implement a new range of plasma-derived products within the next 2 years or sooner Major approaches to planning A number of approaches can be undertaken for the planning of the strategic goals and objectives of any business organization. The approaches could be divided into the following types such as traditional, modern and innovative. The CSL Limited emphasizes upon both traditional and innovative approaches for reaching out to a wider customer base. As asserted by Turker and Altuntas (2014), the traditional approaches are based on the already established facts and research. Therefore, there are fewer chances of errors, establishing 100 percent results. Additionally, implementation of the tested methods and approaches helps in reducing the pressure on natural resources. Additionally, the practice of the traditional approaches also helps in reducing the dependence of new age chemicals and technologies. This further helps in reducing the level of carbon emissions. The innovative technologies, on the other hand, help the company in reaching out to a more diverse range of patients. As commented by Kong and Ko (2017), a drastic increase in the rate of global warming could be related to the cellular mutation levels resulting in disease of serious and chronic nature. Sustainability practices This has been reciprocated in the rise in demand of new age and technologically advanced medicines. The focus of the company is to implement sustainable methods and approaches in generating new medicines or health-related interventions by focussing more upon the botanical extracts. As commented by Yammarino (2013), long-term use of steroid-based medicine has been seen to enhance symptoms and expressions of diabetes or other long-term illnesses within people. Management of human resources The human resource management within a company is dependent upon a number of governing factors. As commented by Islam (2014), the implementation of effective human resources management strategies further governs the success rate of an organization. The management strategies of the CSL Limited can be compared to a number of other biotech companies for understanding the loopholes within the management process of the present company. In this respect, the CSL limited believes that implementing the traditional management approaches is not sufficient and follows a rather systematic business management policies and approaches. The aim of the company is to implement customer focused, demand driven HR practices. This helps in the establishment of customer loyalty programs which are important for retention of value-added customers. In order to minimize risk and maximize production, the CSL limited had implemented cross-cultural review, portfolio management and gating decision points for moving a project forward. The CSL limited gains an upper hand compared to some of its counterparts such as living cell technologies and Lumenis. Here, the CSL limited believes in constantly adding values to its organizational culture by providing the employees with sufficient growth and development opportunities. The company organises employment training programs for educating the employees with new intervention strategies in the field of research and development. In this respect, the organization establishes a healthy and positive competition between the different employees working within the organization by providing them with performance bonus and incentives. As commented by Sinnadurai and Fong (2015), the establishment of competitive HR strategies helps in the maintenance of a positive organizational culture. CSL follows strict policies by implementing appropriate screening techniques for recruiting right candidates based on relevant experience and appropriate educational backgrounds. The company spends a considerable part of the market share in employment training programs. The recruitment rates of the company are 30 % higher compared to some of its counterparts such as Lumenis and Living cell technologies. However, as argued by Itaya (2014), where the emphasis had been laid on sustainable HRM policies. This is further based on three main approaches such as - reproducing capability. Here, the goal is to design HR systems which cater to the social, environmental and demographic factors for the achievement of the organizational objectives. The second HRM approach which could be implemented in the present context includes the creation of a socio-eco-environmental friendly image which is mainly aimed at maintaining long terms positive goals and relationships with the stakeholders. The third approach combines the other two aiming towards the achievement of long-term goodwill prospects of the organization within the current market. Leadership strategies The sustainable leadership approaches focuses upon long-term environmental and social outcomes along with gaining more market share and profitability for the organization. In this respect, the leadership goals take into consideration the corporate social responsibility of the organization. Some of the aspects of sustainable approaches are incorporating a strong sense of trust, morality, and environmentalism. These coincide with the values propagates by non-traditional leadership approaches. Therefore, transformational leadership styles are more prevalent within a sustainable environment. As commented by Bourtzis et al. (2016), the transformational leadership takes into consideration the new motivations along with the old ethics which are important for maintaining the unique culture and values of the organization. The CSL limited follows the transformational leadership style, which takes into consideration the changes within the global market along with the constantly changing market dynamics. Additionally, the CSL limited incorporates shared leadership styles, which enhances the spirit of cooperation within the team working within the current organization. As asserted by Blomme et al. (2017), a laissez-faire leadership style is incorporated into the work culture of the current organization with a view to imbibing the view of the employees in designing the organizational plans and business models. These help in the maintenance of the sustainable and long terms goals of the organization. Controlling technology and value chain The intervention and advent of modern technology can be used to improve the aspect of supply chain and logistics for the current company. The supply chain can be further divided into inbound and outbound logistics. Some of the interventions which could be implemented over here are conducting online surveys and social media trafficking along with the use of social media for management of supply chains. In this context, the CSL limited can emphasizes upon online tools and techniques for maintaining a strong and effective relationship with its suppliers and buyers. The integration of strong technological tools and intervention strategies have been found to be useful in maintaining a direct selling and advertising platform. As commented by Kondolf et al. (2017), such interventions help in the tracking of the goods and services sold by the company. Therefore, such similar measures also help in transparent marketing channels which coincide with the goals of sustainable management policies. Recommendations and future strategies In the current assignment, the sustainable management and marketing strategies with respect to CSL limited has been taken into consideration. Here, a detailed study had been conducted based on the organizational policies and processes of the organization. Here, a number of smart goals for the organization have been designed based upon the requirements and the current market scenario. Here, the emphasis has been placed on the different leadership styles and approaches used within the organization of interest for meeting the goals of the sustainable marketing. However, one of the most important perspectives in the establishment of sustainable marketing and management strategies are the implementation of strategic HRM and organizational policies which creates a balance between the profitability ratios of the company and the long-term objectives. Thus, CSL being biotech company their aim is to design effective medical intervention strategies which can help in providing cost-effective and efficient generic medications with the help of recombinant methods and technologies, However, as argued by Liphadzi and Vermaak (2017), lack of funds along with sufficient research data often prevent the organization from achieving success in such projects. Therefore, implementation of transformational leadership styles along with emphasizing upon sustainable and natural resources can help in meeting the requirements of the organization. Conclusion The current study focuses on the aspect of sustainable marketing and management which helps in maintaining the organizational goals and objectives. For the present study, the CSL limited had been taken into consideration which is an Australian biotech company. The main goal is to implement sustainable marketing methods and management policies. Some of the effective measures have been highlighted over here such as the implementation of transformational leadership styles along with advanced scientific methods and technologies. For example, implementation of recombinant therapies for generation of medicines can reduce the pressure on the natural resources. The CSR policies also provide a quick overview of the company as a whole. However, the organization maintains a fair and lawful work culture by promoting a workplace culture of mutual trust and respect. Though, in this regard, the lack of technical support and changing political scenario affects the business processes of the organization to a great extent. References Bentz, J., Lopes, F., Calado, H. and Dearden, P., (2016). Enhancing satisfaction and sustainable management: Whale watching in the Azores. Tourism Management,54, pp.465-476. Blomme, G., Dita, M., Jacobsen, K.S., Prez Vicente, L., Molina, A., Ocimati, W., Poussier, S. and Prior, P., (2017). Bacterial diseases of bananas and enset: Current state of knowledge and integrated approaches toward sustainable management.Frontiers in plant science,8, p.1290. Bourtzis, K., Lees, R.S., Hendrichs, J. and Vreysen, M.J., (2016). More than one rabbit out of the hat: Radiation, transgenic and symbiont-based approaches for sustainable management of mosquito and tsetse fly populations.Acta tropica,157, pp.115-130. Islam, G., (2014). Leadership as a Dominant Cultural Myth: A Strain?Based Perspective on Leadership Approaches.Social and Personality Psychology Compass,8(3), pp.91-103. Itaya, K., (2014), July. Management and leadership approach for improving the creativity of knowledge workers in service sectors. In Management of Engineering Technology (PICMET), (2014) Portland International Conference on(pp. 3376-3380). IEEE. Kondolf, G.M., Gao, Y., Annandale, G.W., Morris, G.L., Jiang, E., Zhang, J., Cao, Y., Carling, P., Fu, K., Guo, Q. and Hotchkiss, R., (2014). Sustainable sediment management in reservoirs and regulated rivers: Experiences from five continents.Earth's Future,2(5), pp.256-280. Kong, H.M. and Ko, E., (2017), July. Understanding fashion consumer's information adoption and decision-making process of sustainable fashion products in social media platform: a cross-cultural study between South Korea and China. In (2017) Global Fashion Management Conference at Vienna(pp. 382-384). Liphadzi, S.M. and Vermaak, A.P., (2017). Assessment of employees' perceptions of approaches to sustainable water management by coal and iron ore mining companies.Journal of Cleaner Production,153, pp.608-625. Margerum, R.D. and Robinson, C.J., (2015). Collaborative partnerships and the challenges for sustainable water management.Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability,12, pp.53-58. Sinnadurai, D. and Fong, L., (2015). Leadership approaches to address performance management and appraisal issues in Malaysia.International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications,5(4), pp.1-4. Sun, Y., Garrett, T.C., Ko, E. and Kim, K.H., (2015), June. Influencing factors of customer equity: Implications in sustainable marketing. In(2015) Global Fashion Management Conference at Florence(pp. 836-837). Turker, D. and Altuntas, C., (2014). Sustainable supply chain management in the fast fashion industry: An analysis of corporate reports.European Management Journal,32(5), pp.837-849. Turner, V.K., (2016). How Do Conventional Master Planning Processes Facilitate or Constrain Sustainable Urbanism? An Environmental Management Perspective.Society Natural Resources,29(12), pp.1483-1500. Waligo, V.M., Clarke, J. and Hawkins, R., (2013). Implementing sustainable tourism: A multi-stakeholder involvement management framework.Tourism management,36, pp.342-353. Yammarino, F., (2013). Leadership: Past, present, and future.Journal of Leadership Organizational Studies,20(2), pp.149-155.

Positive and Negative Emotions free essay sample

There are countless benefits associated with the experience of positive emotions. Life is hard, but experiencing positive emotions can become a stress-reducer, open our minds, build enduring resources, and improve our overall well-being. Negative emotions tend to narrow our thoughts to a limited set of possible actions that might be taken in response to an emotion-evoking situation (Baumgardner Crothers, p41). Positive emotions contribute to enhancing our physical, psychological, and social resources. While negative emotions may compromise our health, positive emotions can enhance our health. Multiple studies have shown how positive emotions broaden our outlook, offset negative emotions, enhance our resilience, and improve our emotional well-being (Baumgardner Crothers, p42). Men and women have been known to have about the same levels of happiness, however they differ greatly in respect to their experience of negative emotions. Women tend to express their negative emotions more than men and experience internalizing disorders. The disorders that women experience because of their negative emotions include mood disorders like depression and anxiety. We will write a custom essay sample on Positive and Negative Emotions or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Men on the other hand tend to externalize their emotions. These emotions are directed toward objects, situations, and people (Baumgardner Crothers, p86). The externalizing disorders that men have include antisocial personality disorder, drug abuse, and other problems related to uncontrolled anger. Men show more physical aggression than women. Women’s aggression is more verbal and relational. Researchers explain these differences through several possible answers. Some researchers have found that women report higher levels of both pleasant and unpleasant emotions than men, that women are more likely than men to report being very unhappy, and that women’s greater emotional intensity occurs across many different ages.

Genghis Khan & The Terrible Mongols Essays -

Genghis Khan & The Terrible Mongols Genghis Khan & The Terrible Mongols Genghis Khan before his father's death. Temujin had many skills. He was taught to ride horses at a very early age. He was an expert bow man and had great strength. He was a natural leader among his peers. Temujin had many duties as son of a Chieftain He must fish streams for food. He was in charge of the horse heads and had to chase after lost animals that had run away. Had to watch the sky line for enemies and raiders. Temujin learned of his tribe. The tribe was the Yakka Mongols. He learned of the great empire of Cathay and its civilization. He was taught to be a warrior and told to have a fierce character. Temujin family and family history. His family line was a great one. He was descendant from the grey-eyed men who were one of the greatest tribes of their time. Kassar, the bowman. His brother Though a better bow handler he was scared o his brother. His mother Houlun Was carried of by his father on her wedding ride to the tent of her betrothed husband. His father Yesukai Chieftain of the Yakka Mongols or great Mongols. Who ruled 40K tents. His father's sworn brother was Toghrul, Chieftain of the Karaits which were the most powerful clan of the Gobi. Life in the Gobi Geography of the Gobi. The Gobi is not a sand desert. Only 5% of it is covered in sand. It is the coldest and most northern desert in the world. It is above China in Northeastern Asia. It covers 500,000 square miles. There is hardly any trees and the soil is dry and rock-like. Surviving in the Gobi. In the Mongolian community men and women got first priority over children when it came to food and a place by the fire. In winter children had it harder because food was scarce and they couldn't kill animals of the herds they own. During Spring wild animals were abundant and cattle and sheep gave lots of milk so there wasn't a shortage of food. The Home of the Mongols: The Yurt A tent made of felt stretched over wattled rods with an aperture at the top to let out smoke. The tent could be carried by carts that were pulled by oxen. Yurts of the Chieftains and their wives were decorated and carried treasures and family belongings. The death of Yesukai His fathers death His father had spent the night at in the enemies' tent and had been poisoned and was gravely sick. Temujin rode as fast as he could to get to his father before he died but did not arrive on time. When the other leaders of the clan found out about Yesukai's death they were concerned of how the inexperienced Temujin would handle the great leadership.They decided to separate and join other clans. Temujin's mother was able to convince a few families to stay with them. His new wife Before his father died Temujin and his father were visiting a strange warrior and Temujin took a liking to his daughter and asked his father for her hand in marriage. The warrior agreed to the request. Temujin knew she was very young but he thought she would grow and mature as she became a woman. The chase His father controlled very good lands which were abundant with game and not as cold as other areas during the winter. As soon as word got around that Yesukai had died the Taijudts, who were enemies of the Yakka Mongols, came to conquer Temujin. The Taidjuts overran his yurt and clan but Temujin and his family were able to escape. Temujin was captured alone and again escaped. Once he reconnected with his family they began to live alone off small animals and fish. He could have gone to his fathers sworn brother Toghrul but he was too proud to come for aid because he thought his empty hands would arouse scorn not fellowship so he continued alone. The Campaigns: How Genghis Khan built his empire. The layout of Genghis Khan's army. Numerical regimentation of the Army went as follows. First there was the touman which was a group of 10,000 men. Under the touman were the gurans or units of 1,000 men. That was then divided into 10 companies each with 10 platoons in them. Therefore each platoon comprised of 10 men. The basic groupings of his army was divided into two sections. The heavy

Tibetans Essays - Tibet, Dream, Psychotherapy, Symbols, Free Essays

Tibetans Essays - Tibet, Dream, Psychotherapy, Symbols, Free Essays Tibetans PSY101 Instructor: Paula Frioli Peter, PH.D Assignment: Abstract 1 Yin, F., Shen, H., He, Y., Wei, y., & Cao, W. (2013). Typical dreams of being chased. INTRODUCTION The majority of people experience couple of dreams in their life time. Falling, being chased or threatened are typical dreams that people experience. These dreams can be traced back to recollections of experiences and desired experienced during early childhood (Freud). Researchers have shown that being chased has the highest occurrence rate. METHOD University students from Tibet and south china were selected for participates. The research uses a stratified sampling principle for data collection (Ying Wei ). There were 600 questionnaires that were distributed. A total of 569 valid questionnaires were returned: 278 Tibetan (66 male and 22 female) and 291 Han chines (196 male and 95 female). The participants ages ranges The Han Chinese (102) and the Tibetans (106) a total of 208 were interviewed to collect basic information on being chased dream. The interviewers focused on the key elements that were emotions, the chasing agents, and the reaction when the dreamer was being chased. RESULTS Tibetan participants have a lower percentage (89.2%) than Han Chinese (97.31%) for those being chased in their dreams. Han Chinese and Tibetan both experience negative emotion (fear) when theyre being chased in their dreams; 79.8% in Tibetan undergraduates and 79.2% in Han Chinese. When the dreamer was being chased during their dream their reaction was to runaway. 72.4% of Han undergraduates would runaway, whereas Tibetans was 59.7%. DISCUSSION Running away is the most basic pattern behavior, its the most natural and main reaction to escape danger. Its best to confront the situation then to run away from it.

Benefits and Drawbacks of Studying at University Essay

Benefits and Drawbacks of Studying at University - Essay Example Most of the employed graduates have shown to have medical insurance covered by their subsequent employees. University graduates are perceived to engage in a healthy lifestyle, then the high school counterparts. According to the statistics, the level of health increases with higher education. For instance, statistics shows that more than 70 percent of university graduates with income between $35,000 and $54,000 are in better health condition than those high school graduates in the same income bracket and age. Also among the graduates, the level of heath increases with the level of degree attained.The incarceration rate has been seen to be higher in adults with high school education than those with university or college education. Increase in incarceration rate increases the amount government spends on prison costs per an individual inmate. Though this takes us back to the economic benefits of higher education, this finding is more tagged to the effects on the society. Statistics confi rm that, in 1997, 1.2 percent of those incarcerated were adults with no graduate education, but only 0.1 percent of them had higher education. This shows that increased level of university education tends to decrease the potential and characteristics to get involved in crime. Academic success is also viewed as a factor that reduces the likelihood to commit crimes (Cunningham, 2008, p. 1). Studies have revealed high cognitive skills in children of educated mothers than those of the high school graduates.... 16). Incarceration rate The incarceration rate has been seen to be higher in adults with high school education than those with university or college education. Increase in incarceration rate increases the amount government spends as prison costs per an individual inmate. Though this takes us back to the economic benefits of higher education, this finding is more tagged to the effects on the society. Statistics confirms that, in 1997, 1.2 percent of those incarcerated were adults with no graduate education, but only 0.1 per cent of them had higher education. This shows that increased level of university education tends to decrease the potential and characteristics to get involved in crime. Academic success is also viewed as a factor that reduces the likelihood to commit crimes (Cunningham, 2008, p. 1). School readiness Studies have revealed high cognitive skills in children of educated mothers than those of the high school graduates. These children are able to take more education task s and are more informed than those of mothers with lower education background. This means that attainment of higher education will bring forth future benefits of a more informed and learned society. According to research children between the age of 3-5, more than 36 per cent among them whose mother had university education could recite all letters of the alphabet, compared to less than 19 percent of those of high school graduate mothers (Hill, 2005, p. 1.). Ninety per cent of children from graduates’ mother read to not less than 3 times per week, in comparison with the 76 percent of those with high school mothers. Teachers of these children confirm that children from graduate mothers are more